
ScienceDaily (Dec. 27, 2009) — Using disinfectants could cause bacteria to become resistant to antibiotics as well as the disinfectant itself, according to research published in the January issue of Microbiology. The findings could have important implications for how the spread of infection is managed in hospital settings.Researchers from the National University of Ireland in Galway found that by adding increasing amounts of disinfectant to laboratory cultures ofPseudomonas aeruginosa, the bacteria could adapt to survive not only the disinfectant but also ciprofloxacin -- a commonly-prescribed antibiotic -- even without being exposed to it. The researchers showed that the bacteria had adapted to more efficiently pump out antimicrobial agents (disinfectant and antibiotic) from the bacterial cell. The adapted bacteria also had a mutation in their DNA that allowed them to resist ciprofloxacin-type antibiotics specifically.P. aeruginosa is an opportunistic bacterium that can cause a wide range of infections in people with weak immune systems and those with diseases such as cystic fibrosis (CF) and diabetes. P. aeruginosa is an important cause of hospital-acquired infections. Disinfectants are used to kill bacteria on surfaces to prevent their spread. If the bacteria manage to survive and go on to infect patients, antibiotics are used to treat them. Bacteria that can resist both these control points may be a serious threat to hospital patients.
Importantly, the study showed that when very small non-lethal amounts of disinfectant were added to the bacteria in culture, the adapted bacteria were more likely to survive compared to the non-adapted bacteria. Dr. Gerard Fleming, who led the study, said, "In principle this means that residue from incorrectly diluted disinfectants left on hospital surfaces could promote the growth of antibiotic-resistant bacteria. What is more worrying is that bacteria seem to be able to adapt to resist antibiotics without even being exposed to them."
Dr. Fleming also stressed the importance of studying the environmental factors that might promote antibiotic resistance. "We need to investigate the effects of using more than one type of disinfectant on promoting antibiotic-resistant strains. This will increase the effectiveness of both our first and second lines of defence against hospital-acquired infections," he said.
Laby · 796 weeks ago
I def stick by being as clean as possible though... I never believed any of it until I started sanitizing my nebs once a week and becoming an anal hand washer earlier this year. Since then I have only needed ONE course of oral antibiotics (in 8 months). So something must be working! (or pure coincidence...)
My sister also learned in her college course that you actually kill the healthy bacteria off your hands when you use antibacterial too... so I guess that is something to consider as well.
Krista-cf mama · 796 weeks ago
love your blog by the way: just followed you...check mine out
Mandie · 796 weeks ago
Piper · 796 weeks ago
You're 100% right about sanitizer. I use it only in a pinch. Washing your hands in warm water for 20 seconds (without antibacterial soap -- regular soap is perfectly sufficient and doesn't breed resistance) is the best and ONLY way to protect yourself against many forms of viruses and bacteria. MRSA and C-Diff aren't normally killed by purrell, by the way.
But I agree, I was never kept in a bubble. I had chicken pox (twice!) and plenty of colds and even a flu once or twice growing up. It's not that my parents pushed me into getting sick ("hey, your friend has a cold, why not share a juice box with her?" lol), but they didn't take me out of school or soccer league or anything else. When my CF doc told me at 13 that I should stop doing competitive horseback riding b/c there might be bacteria in the barns, my mother jumped in before I could say anything and explained that I would not only keep riding if I wanted to, but would also continue to do barn chores and everything else that came along with horse ownership. And I never did catch the bacterias he was worried about, but I sure had a ton of fun and got lots of brilliant exercise while learning responsibility. Bottom line: kids with CF are just that, kids. Thanks for the reminder not to waste a precious time in our lives.
RunSickboyRun 96p · 796 weeks ago
I was afraid that my last paragraph may be taken the wrong way :) I am in NO WAY advocating not to sterilize your nebs. I wash and sterilize mine faithfully. My point was that my extreme of being totally negligent while growing up isn't the way to go either and we need to strive to find a balance. I'm concerned for the parents who insist on keeping their kids inside the house or follow them around with a bottle of hand sanitizer.
As always though, your comments are very thought out and insightful...THANKS!!!
ctalbott0609 · 796 weeks ago
Amanda · 796 weeks ago
Another important point. Using plain regular soap might remove dirt/oil from your skin, but it is not antimicrobial because it doesn't contain detergents (which also denature proteins). It's probably a little bit chemistry-heavy for the layman, but soaps and detergents are quite different in their chemical structure and thus how they clean your hands--soaps encapsulate grime/grease/dirt allowing it to be rinsed away; detergents chemically break apart proteins.
On the other hand, the notion that antibacterial soaps can facilitate bacterial resistance is entirely with merit because they typically contain a broad spectrum topical antibiotic (usually triclosan) which can eventually selectively kill some microbes, but not others (similar to how penicillin used to kill most bacteria, but now many have developed resistance to it). The idea of creating "superbugs" by overuse of antimicrobial products occurs when they contain an antimicrobial compound that is not strong enough to totally kill ALL microbes, leaving resistant ones behind (survival of the fittest); instructions for use aren't followed (such as the how long to leave a household cleaner on your kitchen counter before wiping it up); or they are diluted too much.
As an adult, I clean and sterilize religiously--be it my hands, my kitchen sink, my toilet or my nebulizers. I'm a fan of bleach for my household cleaning and nebulizers because it kills everything and use hand sanitizer on my hands. I work in a university environment using shared equipment with many un-hygienic, snotty-nosed college students and have been fortunate enough to ward off most of the bugs that have been "going around" with a consistent regiment of hand sanitizer and chlorox wipes.
RunSickboyRun 96p · 796 weeks ago
Guest · 795 weeks ago
ctalbott0609 · 796 weeks ago
Suzanne · 796 weeks ago
**Stepping off my (chemical-free) soapbox** :D